أين الكناية باللغة الإنجليزية ....

[saifoon]

لقد قمت بالبحث عن بعض المفردات البلاغية في اللغة الإنجليزية وسقطت على كلمات مثل metaphor ووصلت إلى قناعة بترجتمتها بالاستعارة أما كلمة metonymy فلم اقتنع بترجتمها بالكناية كما هو شايع ووجدت أنها أقرب إلى المجاز المرسل .. فما اللفظة الانجليزية التي تقابل الكناية عندنا ....
أرجوكم مساعدتي وشكرا......

[JHassan]

_MD_RE: أين الكناية باللغة الإنجليزية ....

<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw"><p><br /></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw">تحية طيبة... <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw">أرى أن "الكناية" تقابلها كلمة </span></strong><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">metonymy</span></strong><span dir="rtl"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw"><span dir="rtl"></span>، أما "المجاز المرسل" فيقابله </span></strong><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">synecdoche</span></strong><span dir="rtl"></span><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA">– وذلك بناء على تعريف كل من هذه الكلمات: <p></p></span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">فالكناية</span></u></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">: هي لفظ أريد به لازم معناه، مع جواز إرادة المعنى الأصلي. وهي تعبير لا يقصد منه المعنى الحقيقي وإنما يقصد به معنى ملازم للمعنى الحقيقي؛</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">أو هي تعبير استعمل في غير معناه الأصلي (الخيالي) الذي وضع له، مع جواز</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">إرادة المعنى الأصلي (الحقيقي). <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">ويقابلها: <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt"><strong><u><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Metonymy</span></u></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> <span lang="AR-SA" dir="rtl"><p></p></span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">والمجاز المرسل</span></u></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">: هو اللفظ المستعمل في غير ما وضع له لعلاقة غير المشابهة، مع قرينة تمنع المعنى الأصلي للفظ. أو هو كلمة لها معنى أصلي</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">لكنها تستعمل في معنى آخر، على أن توجد علاقة بين المعنيين دون أن تكون علاقة مشابهة، وتعرف تلك العلاقة من المعنى الجديد المستخدمة فيه الكلمة</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">وعلاقات المجاز المرسل كثيرة أهمها: <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">1- الجزئية:</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">عندما نعبر بالجزء ونريد الكل</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">قال تعالى: (فتحرير رقبة مؤمنة)؛ فكلمة (رقبة) مجاز مرسل علاقته الجزئية، لأنه عبر بالجزء</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></strong><span dir="rtl"></span><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="rtl"></span>(الرقبة) وأراد الكل (الإنسان المؤمن).</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw"> <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">2- الكلية: عندما نعبر بالكل ونريد الجزء</span></strong><span dir="ltr"></span><strong><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> .</span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">قال تعالى: (يجعلون أصابعهم في آذانهم)؛ فـ"أصابعهم" مجاز مرسل علاقته الكلية، لأنه عبر بالكل "أصابعهم" وأراد الجزء "أناملهم" أي أطراف أصابعهم.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>[...] <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">ويقابله: <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt"><strong><u><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Synecdoche</span></u></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 15pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">: A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole – as hand for sailor, the whole for a part – as the law for police officer, the specific for the general – as cutthroat for assassin, the general for the specific – as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it – as steel for sword </span></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"><p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">[انظر هنا من فضلك <a href="http://www.kau.edu.sa/HAOALGHAMDI/mawad/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7. ..doc"><font color="#0000ff">1</font></a> ، <a href="http://www.php4syria.com/VB/showthread.php?t=8509"><font color="#0000ff">2</font></a> ، <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/75/M0257500.html"><font color="#0000ff">3</font></a> ، <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/61/70/S0967000.html"><font color="#3366ff">4</font></a> ] <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">والله أعلم. <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;">-------------------------<p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw">ملاحظة على الهامش</span></u></strong><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw">: <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw">يرجى التكرم بتعبئة بياناتك على صفحتك الشخصية... وشكرا. <p></p></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><strong><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: pmingliu; mso-fareast-language: zh-tw"><p></p></span></strong></p><p></p>