الترجمة والمترجم: علم وفن (خاص بالترجمة للصم)

[JHassan]

<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 22pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة والمترجم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 22pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 22pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">علم وفن<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 22pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إعداد/ سمير</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">سمرين <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مذيع الصم بقناة الجزيرة الفضائية <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; direction: rtl; line-height: normal; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center" align="center"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">قبل أن أكون مترجماً،</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">يجب أن أعرف نفسي: من أنا، وما هي مهمتي، وكيف أعمل. </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">من ، ما ، كيف<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة والمترجم <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تعريف المترجم</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">هو ناقل لمفاهيم و</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ثقافات من لغة الى أخرى و ليس ناقلا لنص من لغة الى لغة أخرى فقط. فكل طرح يقدم في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">نص مكتوب أو مسموع بلغة ما يحمل خلفه ثقافة و مفاهيم غريبة على المتلقي و لذلك وجب</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">على المترجم أن يقرب مفهوم و ثقافة اللغة المنقول منها الى القارىء أو المستمع</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الغريب على هذه اللغة.<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تعريف آخر <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم هو الشخص الذي يقوم بنقل نص من</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لغةٍ لأخرى وذلك من خلال المحافظة القصوى على مضمون النص وإيحاءاته وجماليته</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ومضمون النص يشمل مفهومَه، وإيحاءات النص، كما تعني أيضًا ما يحمله النص من رموز</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ثقافية في لغة الأصل، والمحافظة على جمالية النص تشمل المفاهيم المألوفة لدى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المتلقي، فإن بقي النص غريبًا ومُبهمًا فإنه لن يروق للمتلقي ولن يجد فيه جمالاً</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ومتعة. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم التحريري: هو من يعبر تعبيرا وافيا عن معنى نص ما في لغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أخرى بكل خصائصه.</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والمترجم الفوري: وسيط بين متكلمين من لغتين مختلفتين أو أكثر</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لنقل المعنى الكامل لما يقال لكل الأطراف، فهو لسان المتحدث في اللغة الأخرى. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">من يعد المتجرم</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">؟ <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">- الدور الأكبر يجب أن يضطلع به المترجم نفسه في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تطوير ذاته وصقل قدراته، من خلال عدة وسائل: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إعادة ترجمة نصوص ترجمها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخبراء. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">القراءة في المجال المطلوب وغيرها الكثير.<br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التواصل الإنساني</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والاحتكاك المباشر مع الصم. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المقارنة مع الآخرين وتصحيح الاخطاء. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">القناعة بأن الترجمة ليست مهنة تؤدى فقط ، بل إنخراط في النص ومحبه له <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تَتَبُع الترجمات الجيدة، ومراقبة الآخرين بقصد الاستفادة والتعلم.<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in left 399.75pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوات المتبعة في صقل مهارة وكفاءة المترجم <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 375.35pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الأولى: <br />القراءة المكثفة لمواضيع متعددة وأهمها الأطلاع على القواميس الاشارية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">للغات اخرى كذلك مشاهدة المترجمين ومتابعتهم ومراقبتهم والتعرف على اسلوبهم في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تحليل و ترجمة النصوص إذا ما أخذنا بنظر الاعتبار أن الترجمة تتطلب معلومات حية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وحديثة ومتنوعة. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 320.25pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة الثانية: <br />تحليل النصوص وتقييم الترجمات. من</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">خلال مايلي: <br />* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الصامتة (التخيلية). إشارياً</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><br />* </span></span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">القراءة وتحليل النص</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لغوياً بأسلوب لغة الاشارة (عقليا). <br />* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الفعلية في مختلف الاوقات وفي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أكثر من موضوع. <br />* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">متابعة الصم والترجمة المنظورة لهم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span>.</span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="rtl"></span> <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 298.35pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة الثالثة: <br />التثقيف الذاتي. المترجم الجيد هو الذي يمتلك معلومات شاملة ومتنوعة في لغتي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة التي يعمل بهما. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 180.65pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة الرابعة: <br />القراءة التخصصية. والمقصود</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">بالقراءة التخصصية قراءة المواضيع في الجانب أو الجوانب التي يجد المترجم نفسه</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ميالا إليها. وتختلف هذه القراءة عن سابقتها من خلال متابعة المترجم للبحوث</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والدراسات والمقالات التي تنشر في التخصص الذي يرغب التميز به، <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 295.85pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخامسة: <br />تطوير مهارة الترجمة الفورية ارسال واستقبال. <br />إن لمقدرة المترجم في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاداء الحركي بشكل سليم وانسيابي كذلك لغته المنطوقة الصحيحة دورا مهما في إخراج</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة بشكل اكثر وضوحاً شاملاَ المضمون بتكامل والترجمة الاشارية واللغوية هي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الوظيفة الرئيسية التي يقوم بها مترجم الصم ويعتمد على الارتجال سواء باللغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المحكية او الاشارية. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 202.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطوة السادسة: <br />التدريب على الإنصات ( فن</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الانصات والاستماع ) وعند الصم فن النظرة الثاقبة والمتابعة الدقيقة. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 202.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">يعد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم نفسه على اكتساب هذه المهارة من خلال الاستماع والإنصات ومراقبة متحدثي هذه</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اللغة. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 202.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 159.95pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الانصات والاستماع الجيد <p></p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 159.95pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الانصات: <br />ان ينصت</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الشخص حينما يتحدث الآخرين وهي مهارة يتم التحصل عليها بالتدريب المتواصل وهي مهارة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التدبر والتحليل والفهم والترجمة.<p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 123.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاستماع: <br />القدرة على استماع ما يلقى</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">عليك بحيث يكون مطلوب منك ان تنفذ وان تقوم بعمل الشيْ المناسب وفقاً للتعليمات. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 123.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وفي المحصلة فهن مهارات متشابهة فالمستمع الجيد منصت جيد كونه يحلل ويدقق</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وينفذ بشكل سليم. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 123.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ولتحقيق ما تقدم هناك استراتيجيات يجب اتباعها وهي: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 36.75pt 10pt 0in; direction: rtl; text-indent: -18.75pt; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 123.05pt 274.55pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><b><span style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;"><span style="mso-list: ignore">1.<span style="font: 7pt &quot;times new roman&quot;">   </span></span></span></b><span dir="rtl"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الفهم والتحليل الجيد. <br />2. فهم قيمة النص الأصل في إطار لغتها. <br />3. معرفة الثقافة اللغوية للصم وطريقة استيعابهم للترجمة. <br />4. بعد الكفاءة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">العالية في لغتي الترجمة تبدأ الخطوة الاولى وهي عملية الإنتاج. <br />5. معرفة قواعد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لغة الاشارة المباشر وغير المباشر منها، بالإضافة إلى أقسام المصطلحات الاشارية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المختلفة واستخداماتها في لغة النص المصدر ، والاستعارات اللفظية والبلاغات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخطابية. <br />6. معرفة كل ما يكّونه النص من مهارات لغوية والمقدرة على تحليلها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وتفسيرها في النص المصدر. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 123.05pt 274.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إن العمل المشترك والتعاون المستمر مع زملاء</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المهنة يقود إلى نشر الوعي الثقافي المعرفي في مضمار الترجمة ، ويصب بالنتيجة في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">قناة إنتاج ترجمة مثالية. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 123.05pt 274.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 274.55pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مرحلة التخصص <p></p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 274.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تتطلب ترجمة لغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاشارة تطبيقا عمليا وممارسة فعلية مستمرة مع الصم في أجواء أكاديمية حيث يتدرب</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم الاشاري مع أصحاب اللغة الأصليين. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 274.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وتكمن أهمية الجانب النظري في مساعدة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وتهيئة المترجم. وعليه يتوجب على المترجم المتدرب معرفة أن القواميس الاشارية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لوحدها لن تنتج جملة اشارية محكمة، وليست لوحدها تصنع مترجما مرموقا. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 274.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 274.55pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">معايير الترجمة الجيدة</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الجيدة سهلة الفهم <br />* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الجيدة سلسة ومنسابة <br />* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الجيدة تحوى بداخلها الروح الحقيقي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">للأصل بقدر المستطاع <br />* الترجمة الجيدة تميز ما بين الأساليب البلاغية المستخدم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">في الأصل والمعارف <br />* الترجمة الجيدة تشرح المعاني الكامنة في الاختصارات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والكلمات ذات الدلالة البلاغية إلى مصطلحات اشارية تعبر عن المعاني الكامنة. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الجيدة توصل فكرة النص الأصلي بقدر المستطاع <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 279.55pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">معايير المترجم</span></u></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الجيد</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 279.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">معرفة المترجم بقواعد اللغة المصدر ومفرداتها وفهمه العام</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لمعنى النص المراد ترجمته. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">قدرة المترجم على إعادة صياغة النص الأصلي في لغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أخرى. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اشتمال النص المترجم على أسلوب وروح النص الأصلي بما فيه من سلاسة في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الصياغة وأصالة في البناء. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">قدرة المترجم على سرعة الفهم والتحليل واخراج</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاشارة بسرعة وبدقة في اطار المعنى العام للنص الاصلي. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 279.55pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">استراتيجيات</span></u></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة للمترجم المبتدئ</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أن يستخدم ترتيبا صحيحا كما هو متبع في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اللغة المترجم إليها. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أن ينقل أفكار النص الأصلي بوضوح يناسب المتلقي للغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم إليها. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أن يعيد صياغة عبارات معينة في ضوء المعنى الإجمالي للنص</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أن يحدث تغييرات في النص ويضفي عليه روحا من الأصل دون تشويه لأفكار</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">النص الأصلية <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أن يتبع أحد أو عددا من الاستراتيجيات التالية عند مواجهة مشكلة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">عدم القدرة على التعبير عن معنى أو تركيب الجملة في النص الأصلي. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p align="right"></p>

[JHassan]

_MD_RE: الترجمة والمترجم: علم وفن (خاص بالترجمة للصم)

<p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 3.25in"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أساليب</span></u></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مستخدمة في الترجمة للغة الاشارة</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 3.25in 258.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تبديل ترتيب الكلمات (بالتقديم أو</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التأخير). <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تغيير البناء التركيبي للعبارة أو الجملة. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إضافة أو حذف أحد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أدوات الربط الكلمي التي لا تؤثر على المعنى. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاسقاط ( اسقاط بعض الكلمات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التي لا تؤثر على معنى النص. الاصلي، كذلك اسقاط وارجاع الاسقاط). <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 3.25in 258.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 186.25pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">استراتيجيات دلالية</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 186.25pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">استخدام مفردات أكثر عمومية من اللفظ</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الذي لا يوجد له مقابل في اللغة المترجم إليها. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التغيير في مستوى التجريد في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">النص. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إعادة توزيع المعلومات على عناصر دلالية أكثر مما في النص الأصلي أو</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اقل منها دون إخلال بالمعنى العام. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 186.25pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 320.25pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">استراتيجيات تداولية</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 320.25pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">توضيح جوانب الإغراب أو إضفاء لمحات من الغرابة على المعنى سهل النوال بما يناسب جو</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">النص الأصلي. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تغيير مستوى الوضوح في النص. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">إضافة أو حذف معلومات تعين</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">على فهم المعنى في النص الأصلي. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 320.25pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 320.25pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أنواع الترجمة</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 205.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التحريرية: <br />وهي ما يخص ترجمة الكتب القانونية والطبية البحتة او الأدب، والتعامل</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مع كلمات ونصوص مكتوبة يستطيع قراءتها مرارا حتى يصل الى فهم كامل لمحتواها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ويترجمها باتجاه لغوي واحد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span>. </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ولكن كيف تكون الترجمة التحريرية في لغة الاشارة؟</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><br />ترجمة أفكار الاصم للغة مكتوبة ، مثل كتابة رسالة او ورقة عمل. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 339.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الشفوية: <br />ولها عدة اشكال: ـ المنظورة ـ الحوارية ـ التتابعية ـ الفورية. وكلها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اشكالا مختلفة لمهارة واحدة الا و هي ان افهم و اتذكر و ان اترجم بسرعة و دقة. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 297.7pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة المنظورة: <br />تعني ان يقوم المترجم الشفوي بقراءة و ترجمة ورقة او</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مستند أو ترجمة ما يقوله الاصم (من لغة اشارة للغة منطوقة أو العكس) <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الحوارية: <br />ان يترجم حوارا بين اثنين او اكثر. سواء كانت لغة النص اشارية أو</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لغة منطوقة وترجمة الحوارات تتطلب مجموعة من المهارات الخاصة بالسرعة و الدقة. كذلك</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مكان وقوف أو جلوس المترجم والوضع المناسب لذلك. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: center 3.25in"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة التتابعية: <br />وهي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ان يتوقف المتحدث عند فقرات تسمح للمترجم بالترجمة. اشارية أو منطوقة. <br />و في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة التتابعية يعتمد المترجم الشفوي علي حسن الاصغاء (التركيز و المعلومات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">السابقة و الاستعداد النفسي) ثم تدوين الملاحظات (و تلك مهاره تكوينية اساسية) ثم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اخيرا حسن الصياغة وفي التتابعية يقوم المترجم الشفوي بمتابعةحديث المتحدث ويستوعب</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">فقرة طويلة قد تطول الي حوالي ثلاثمائة كلمة ثم يقدمها كاملةالجوهر و دقيقة التركيب</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">وتلكم هي طبيعة و اصل الترجمة التتابعية. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 263.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">* </span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة الفورية: <br />أن يتكلم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم بلسان حال المتكلم، لا أن ينقل عنه، كما يحدث عند البعض أحيانا، أي أن</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">يستخدم الحوار المباشر ويتجنب الحوار غير المباشر. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 263.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والكثير ممن يتعامل مع</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الصم يستطيع فهم اللغة ولكن لا يستطيع ارسالها (فهل هذا مترجم)؟ <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 263.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 391.0pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مشكلات</span></u></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></u></b><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة <p></p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 391.0pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">يمكن تقسيم مشكلات الترجمة إلى مشكلات لغوية وثقافية وميدانية: <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 391.0pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مشكلات لغوية: <br />بمعنى عدم قدرة المترجم الاشاري على معرفة المصطلح</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المناسب للكلمة. كذلك تشمل المشكلات اللغوية الاختلافات في البناء التركيبي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والقواعدي، الغموض الدلالي والتركيبي للمصطلحات الاشارية وكيفية صياغة الجملة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الاشارية، <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 332.15pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مشكلات ثقافية: <br />عدم المام ووعي المترجم بالموضوع المراد</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ترجمته. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 308.95pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">* مشكلات ميدانية: <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">سرعة المتحدث</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">عدم فهم بعض اللهجات <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تداخل الأصوات <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">انقطاع الصوت <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">شعور المترجم بأن ترجمته غير مفهومة <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخوف من الترجمة أمام الناس او الكاميرا <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الرغبة بعدم اكمال الترجمة والحاجة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الماسة للتوقف <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اليأس والأحباط بالتالي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الانسحاب <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الانتقاد السلبي ورأي</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الآخرين بأداء المترجم <br />-</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">مشكلة المهمة الاولى <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 308.95pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 163.7pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المترجم والذاكرة <p></p></span></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 163.7pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تلعب الذاكرة دورا هاما في الترجمة التتابعية والفورية ، والذاكرة تنقسم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الى نوعين في هذا المجال</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span>: <br />* </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الذاكرة قصيرة الأمد، والتي يمحي مخزونها من مركز</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الخزن حال الإنتهاء من إستخدامها، وهذا النوع هو الذي يعتمد عليه في الترجمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التتابعية. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 163.7pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">* الذاكرة طويلة الأمد والتي يبقى مخزونها في مركز الخزن مدة أطول</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تبعا لمدى تأثيرها. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 407.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">* الذاكرة القوية <br />تعتبر الذاكرة القوية</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">اساس الترجمة الشفوية بانواعها المختلفة. فقوة الذاكرة تساعد في اشياء شتي اهمها</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ليس تذكر المفردات -كما يعتقد البعض- بل في تذكر الاساليب و الحيل الترجمية. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 407.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 407.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن الترجمة الحرفية جريمة، <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن لكل لغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">خصائص يجب احترام كل منها، <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أنه لا يمكن تطبيق خصائص لغة على لغة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ثانية، <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن لا أفتي بأي شيء قبل الرجوع لما قال فيه من سبقني في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة بالبحث وإيجاد واحترام معاجم وقواميس كل لغة في كل موضوع. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">تلامذتي أن ليس عيبا أن أخطأ في اللغة الثانية ولكن من العار أن أخطأ بلغتي الأساس</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">على الأقل إملائيا كبداية. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن يحتفظوا بقوائم الكلمات التي وجدت</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ترجمة لها لم أجدها في القواميس ذات العلاقة بالموضوع، لكي تكون لي أول قائمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">لمعاجم أو قواميس جديدة يمكن أن يعممها الطالب بنفسه عند الصم ومن ثم طباعتها. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن لا يكون جل هدفه الوظيفة وراتبها آخر الشهر، بل كيف تكون</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">الترجمة والابداع في أثراء المكتبات بهذا التخصص. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن الترجمة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ولغة الاشارة لا تعني الوقت الحاضر بل المستقبل، وأن إلغاء الحاجز اللغوي في</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التواصل لا تعني الجيل الحالي بل الأجيال القادمة. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي حب المكتبات</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ومحلات بيع الكتب وزيارتها متعة ما بعدها متعة، وأكون قدوة لهم في حب المبادرة</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">والمخاطرة في اختيار الكتب التي صدرت في مجال لغة الاشارة وفي مجال التخصص. <br />*</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">أعلم تلامذتي أن المعجم الاشاري العربي الموحد هو واحد من آلاف المعاجم والقواميس</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">التي نشرها الصم والخبراء العاملين معهم في مختلف التخصصات. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 407.9pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 344.05pt"><b><u><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">المصدر</span></u></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">:</span></b><span dir="ltr"></span><b><span lang="AR-SA" dir="ltr" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span></b><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;">ملف باوربوينت وصلني عبر البريد الإلكتروني. <p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" dir="rtl" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: right; tab-stops: 344.05pt"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 18pt; color: black; line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;traditional arabic&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot;"><p> </p></span></b></p><p align="right"></p>

[عبدالرحمن السليمان]

_MD_RE: الترجمة والمترجم: علم وفن (خاص بالترجمة للصم)

<strong><font size="5">جامعتنا هي أول جامعة في بلجيكا أدخلت (ابتداء من العام الجامعي الماضي) تدريس لغة الإشارة (بالهولندية) في مناهجها. فهذا التخصص قليل والاهتمام به أقل.</font></strong>

[batota_99]

_MD_RE: الترجمة والمترجم: علم وفن (خاص بالترجمة للصم)

أنا سعيدة جدا بهذا الموضوع بالفعل أنا أستفدت جدا لأن هذا فى مجال دراستى

مشكور جدا لكاتب الموضوع