متى وقت الإمساك على وجه التحديد - اصطلاحا- في الإنقليزية؟

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  • محمد آل الأشرف
    عضو منتسب
    • Jun 2018
    • 212

    متى وقت الإمساك على وجه التحديد - اصطلاحا- في الإنقليزية؟

    قطعا فإنه لا يلزم الناس تعليق خيطين باللونين الأبيض والأسود لتحديد وقت الإمساك، وإنما جاءت الإشارة في القرآن إلى وقت محدد من أوقات الفجر!
    فهل اللغة الإنقليزية فرقت بين أوقات الفجر تفريق دقيقا بعد تطور العلوم الفلكية عند أهلها، ذلك التطور الهائل؟
    قال تعالى: (وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ) [البقرة:187]

    جاء في التفريق بين أوقات الفجر في اللغة الإنقليزية:
    What Is Dawn?
    Dawn refers to the transition from night to day as the sky gets brighter and the morning twilight heralds the beginning of a new day. The term has different colloquial meanings, but there is also a scientific definition.

    Scientific Definition

    Science specifies dawn as a particular moment defined by the solar elevation angle, which is the position of the Sun in relation to the horizon. As with dusk, astronomers differentiate between 3 different stages of dawn, each marking the beginning of 1 of the 3 phases of morning twilight:

    Astronomical dawn – the geometric center of the Sun's disk is 18 degrees below the horizon.
    Nautical dawn – the geometric center of the Sun's disk is 12 degrees below the horizon.
    Civil dawn – the geometric center of the Sun's disk is 6 degrees below the horizon.
    Precise dawn times for your city

    Astronomical Dawn
    Illustration image
    The 3 stages of dawn and morning twilight.
    When the Sun passes the elevation angle of -18 degrees as it ascends towards the horizon before sunrise, a very small portion of its rays begin to permeate the firmament. The Earth's upper atmosphere begins to scatter and reflect the sunlight, illuminating the lower atmosphere.

    However, at this point, the twilight is so faint that it is generally indistinguishable from night, especially in areas with light pollution. Astronomers may be unable to observe some of the fainter stars and galaxies as the Sun passes this mark.

    Astronomical dawn marks the beginning of astronomical twilight, which lasts until nautical dawn.


    Nautical Dawn
    At nautical dawn, the geometric center of the Sun's disk reaches an angle of 12 degrees below the horizon. The sunlight reflected by the atmosphere is now generally sufficient to distinguish the sky from land or water in clear weather conditions. As the horizon becomes faintly visible during this stage, seafarers can use it as a reference point when navigating by the stars.

    Nautical dawn rings in the period of nautical twilight, which ends at civil dawn.

    Civil Dawn
    Civil dawn, the brightest instance of dawn, occurs when the geometric center of the Sun's disc is 6° below the horizon. If the sky is clear, it is now enveloped in bright orange and yellow colors. At this point, only the brightest stars and planets, like Venus and Jupiter, are visible to the naked eye.

    Find the planets in the night sky

    Even on a cloudy morning, there is now probably enough indirect natural light to make it possible to carry out most outdoor activities without artificial lighting.

    This moment marks the beginning of civil twilight, the period of daybreak just before sunrise. It ends as the upper edge of the Sun touches the horizon.

    Popular Usage
    Colloquially, dawn is used to denote daybreak in general. It is also often seen as a synonym for the period of morning twilight when the Sun is still below the horizon, but its rays are already reflected by the Earth's atmosphere, lighting up the sky.

    The term is also sometimes used as another word for sunrise – the moment when the upper edge of the Sun's disc appears above the horizon and the first direct sunlight of the day becomes visible.

    Sunrise times in your city

    Religious Significance
    As the beginning of a new day, dawn has a special significance in many of the world's religions. However, the definition of the term varies from one faith and religious community to another.

    For example, Muslims are required to offer the Fajr prayer, which is 1 of the 5 obligatory daily prayers in Islam and constitutes one of the Five Pillars of the Islamic faith, during the morning twilight period. Even within Islam, however, there are differing opinions about the correct moment for the prayer.

    The Jewish Holy Scripture also dictates dawn as a time for prayer. The Talmud defines dawn as the moment 72 minutes before sunrise. However, some Jewish communities claim that this definition pertains only to the situation in Mesopotamia on the days of the equinoxes. These groups calculate the correct moment of dawn for each day and location, based on a solar elevation angle of 16.1 degrees below the horizon.

    وعليه، فأي مصطلح علمي في الإنقليزية يمكن أن يطلق على وقت الإمساك الذي أشارت إليه الآية؟
  • محمد آل الأشرف
    عضو منتسب
    • Jun 2018
    • 212

    #2
    هل يصح أن يطلق عليه the faint dawn؟
    أم the first faint dawn؟

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    • محمد آل الأشرف
      عضو منتسب
      • Jun 2018
      • 212

      #3
      فإذا كان وقت الإمساك (الذي هو أول وقت دخول صلاة الفجر) يعرف - شرعا- بأنه أول انبثاق ضؤ الصبح من ظلام الليل، فلعل ترجمة هذا الوقت على وجه التحديد تكون في الإنقليزية:
      (the first faint dawn (of the morning
      ولا يغرنك قول من قال: (إن المصطلح لا يقابل إلا بلفظ واحد، قولا واحدا، لا استثناء فيه) ، فصاحب هذا القول إما عاجز متشدق أو جاهل معاند.

      تعليق

      • محمد آل الأشرف
        عضو منتسب
        • Jun 2018
        • 212

        #4
        أقترح علي أحد الأساتذة الممارسين لأعمال الترجمة العبارة الآتية:
        until the light of dawn can be clearly seen in the darkness of the night
        أحببت عرض مقترحه هذا على أنظار أساتذتنا في هذا المجمع الرصين، مع تمسكي بمقترحي أعلاه.

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